Breast Reduction (Reduction Mammoplasty)
Breast reduction, or reduction mammoplasty (sometimes spelled mammaplasty), is the surgery to reduce the size of the breasts to improve the life of the patient. Large, heavy breasts are often associated with severe back pain, shoulder grooving, neck pain, and rashes under the breasts. A woman may also feel self-conscious or embarrassed because of the disproportionate size of her breasts.

However, with Reduction Mammoplasty it is possible to create a more balanced, better-shaped breast and reduce strain on the body by removing fat, glandular tissue and skin from the breasts, making them smaller and lighter. Also, the size of the areola (i.e. the darker skin surrounding the nipple) can be reduced.

Candidate / Indication
When one has very large breasts, it is difficult to exercise, play sports, swim, fit into clothing, or even function on a daily basis without pain. Macromastia can have a negative impact on a woman’s quality of life; breast reduction can correct it and enhance her life.

Breast reduction surgery may be an option for you if you have backaches, neckaches or stasis ulcers (skin irritation or death of skin tissue due to pressure), if you have difficulty breathing, notice grooves in your shoulders from your bra straps, have numbness of any portion of the breasts and upper chest from the excessive weight, are displeased aesthetically, or dislike the general size of your breasts for any reason.

Many patients who seek breast reduction are either postpartum, overweight, have a predisposition for large, disproportionate breasts, or had sensitivity to oestrogen during development or pregnancy. Big breasts often run in the family, inherited from mother and grandmother. The American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) classifies breast reduction surgery as a reconstructive, rather than cosmetic, procedure because it is done to correct a physical or medical problem rather than strictly to improve appearance.

First and foremost, you must be in good health, with no active diseases or pre-existing medical conditions and you must have realistic expectations of the outcome of your surgery. Your skin must have good elasticity so that it can bounce back to its former tightness postsurgery.

Procedure
Breast reduction surgery requires about 3 to 4 hours of operating time under general anaesthesia. The incision is shaped like a keyhole or inverted T, around the areola and sometimes within the breast crease. Using liposuction, fat is removed and glandular tissue is removed by surgical excision. Excess skin is also removed to reshape and tone the breasts. The result is reduction in the size and elevation of the breast for a more youthful appearance.

Result
The recovery time is approximately two weeks. Some aching, swelling, bruising and changes in skin sensation are normal during this time. Besides the prescribed medications to control discomfort, the patient would also be advised to wear a special surgical bra.

Many women dream of having a fuller and shapely bust line. Today, with the help of advanced technological and surgical developments, it is possible for an expert to provide the most natural looking results for women interested in increasing or optimizing the breast size.

Candidates / Indication:
Use of breast implants is very common now, especially in women in their twenties or as a part of the mommy makeover, where a set of procedures are designed to restore the body to pre-baby condition that also typically includes a breast lift and tummy tuck.

There are many good reasons to have breast augmentation surgery, but some of the most popular include:

• To increase confidence and self-esteem
• If a you feel your breasts are too small
• To improve your body image
• To make you look better in clothes
• If your breasts are different in size and/or shape
• To restore lost size that occurs from weight loss or breast feeding
• If your breasts are sagging or have lost firmness
• For reconstructive purpose due to breast cancer or other disease

Procedure
For breast augmentation, small incisions are made to place the implants under the breast tissue and/or the underlying muscle instead of placing them over the muscle. However, depending on the individual and how much breast tissue is naturally present, implants may also be placed over the muscle. Your doctor will help you decide on what type of incision, placement and type of implant would suit you the best.

Saline vs Gel Implants:
Breast implants are of two types: Saline and Gel. Saline breast implants consist of a silicone rubber shell that is either pre-filled or inflated to the desired size with sterile saline during surgery. Most of these implants have a valve that is sealable by the surgeon.

The gel breast implants have an outer shell, also made of silicone, which is filled with a fixed amount of silicone gel. Gel implants vary in shell surface shape, profile, volume, shell thickness and number of shell lumens. However, silicone gel-filled implants do not have an adjustable fill range.

Gel breast implants tend to cost slightly more than saline implants, but most patients say they find the feel and look of gel implants to be more natural. Also, some surgeons are of the opinion that gel implants have a more natural look and feel than saline implants because silicone gel has a texture that is similar to the breast tissue.

Results
The results of breast augmentation surgery are immediately visible. Over time, post-surgical swelling will resolve and incision lines will fade. Satisfaction with your new image should continue to grow as you recover and realise the fulfillment of your goal for fuller breasts. Are Breast Implants Safe?

The Institute of Medicine has concluded that there is ‘no definitive evidence linking breast implants to cancer, neurological diseases, neurological problems or other systemic diseases.’ In 2006, the FDA approved the use of silicone gel breast implants after the single largest patient study ever conducted, in cooperation with Mentor Corporation.

Tummy Tuck (Abdominoplasty)
An abdominoplasty is a major surgical procedure that removes both excess skin and fat from the middle and lower abdomen and tightens the muscles of the abdominal wall. While this procedure produces a permanent, and sometimes, a long scar, it can significantly reduce the appearance of a protruding abdomen and smooth the contour of the body dramatically.

Candidate / Indication
Candidates for abdominoplasty are men or women who are in relatively good health, are minimally or moderately overweight, and bothered by a large fat deposit and loose abdominal skin that won’t respond to diet or exercise. The tummy tuck surgery is particularly helpful to women who, through multiple pregnancies, have stretched their abdominal muscles and skin beyond the point where they can return to normal. Loss of skin elasticity in older patients can be improved. Also, the large volumes of excess skin produced by significant weight loss are well can be addressed by the tummy tuck procedure.

Procedure
For a full tummy tuck, a horizontal incision is made between the navel and the pubic hairline. A separate incision is made around the navel. The size of the incision is determined by the amount of skin that will be removed. A limited tummy tuck or mini tummy tuck is ideal for removing excess on the lower abdomen below the navel in the absence of excess skin on the upper abdomen. A shorter incision is made at the pubic bone.

Excess fat may be removed with liposuction during a tummy tuck, and the procedure may also be performed along with breast augmentation and breast lift as a part of the mommy makeover, where a set of procedures are designed to restore the body to pre-baby condition.

Result
Results are difficult to be noticed immediately because during the first few days following surgery standing fully upright is not possible. Standing comfortably may be done after one week when the swelling lessens.